 |
| |
| Fast Facts: |
| • Project
Document |
| Location: |
North
Kordofan, Upper Nile, Sobat Basin |
| Duration: |
2004-2008
(Operationally Closed) |
| Focus
area: |
Energy
and Environment for Sustainable
Development |
| Donors: |
Canadian
International Development Agency,
The Netherlands. |
| Total
budget: |
US$
7.2 million |
| Partners: |
SOS SAHEL UK in North
Kordofan, ACORD South Sudan; Oxfam
GB. Ministry of Animal Resources
and Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture
and Forestry, Land and Water Comittee,
Sudanese Environmental and Conservation
Society, Sudan General Pastoralist
Union, Sudan General Farmers Union,
Pastoralist Society, Mandy Association.
At the national level, the project
activities are co-coordinated
and directly executed by UNDP.
|
| Delivery
for 2006:
|
US$
910, 199.25 |
| Contact
person in UNDP: |
Mohy
El Din Tohami, Project Manager,
mohy.tohami@undp.org |
|
Background
Pastoralism in Sudan is a traditional
way of life. It is a form of natural
resource use and management that comprises
a variety of movements ranging from
pure nomadism, characterized by year-round
camel breeding and long-distance migration,
to seasonal movements over shorter distances.
Some pastoralists combine seasonal farming
with livestock-raising; these are known
as agro-pastoralists.
Historically, there has always been
tension along pastoral corridors over
land and grazing rights between nomads
and farmers. But recently, some parts
of the country have been caught in
a complex tangle of severe droughts
and dwindling resources. Disputes
flare up between farmers and pastoralists
as migrating camel and livestock herders,
in search of water and pasture for
their animals during the dry season,
would sometimes graze on farmers'
lands and use their water points.
Disputes over lost crops, and access
to water and pastoralists’ routes
are sometimes settled by tribal leaders.
However, severe droughts, and increased
mechanized farming have worsened the
situation. Combined with a lack of
institutionalized mechanisms for land
and water rights and usage, all these
factors lead to widespread seasonal
tensions between pastoralists and
farmers on the one hand and between
traditional farmers and owners of
big mechanized farms on the other.
To help address the root-causes of
these tensions, in 2004, The Netherlands,
the Canadian International Development
Agency (CIDA) and UNDP launched the
Reduction of Resource Based Conflicts
project. Targeting the drought-prone
areas, the four-year initiative was
originally also carried out in North
Darfur. However, due to the conflicts
between farmers and nomads, that started
over natural resources and escalated
into a full-scale war, the project
was forced to suspend its activities
in Darfur. It has since focused on
three states: North Kordofan, Upper
Nile and Sobat Basin.
Objectives
The overall development objective of
the project is to contribute to the
reduction of natural resource based
conflict among pastoralists and between
pastoralists and farmers in the Sudan.
The specific objectives of the project
are as follows:
• To promote institutional and
legal reform in natural resource management
to improve productivity and reduce
conflict.
• To strengthen capacity in
government and civil society to manage
natural resources and mitigate conflict.
• To design and promote measures
to reduce and better manage risk in
pastoral livelihood systems.
• To promote a culture of peace.
• To develop and promote clearer
strategies for pastoral and agro-pastoral
livelihood development.
Snapshots of the project's major achievements
• To support the local economy
based on community development initiatives
and priorities that have clear peace-building
dimensions, the project established
the Community Development Fund (CDF)
that achieved the following:
• Rehabilitated Sharshar Health
Unit in Bara Locality (W.N. El Obied)
and Gereigkh Veterinary Centre.
• Protected animal resources in
Kazgail area through provision of veterinary
drugs and vaccines and equipments.
• Established permanent water
points in Shiekan locality, located
in south El Obied.
• Constructed Al Semieh agricultural
school in Um Rawaba locality, near El
Obied.
• Installed water units for 6
villages in the Um Habila area and Um
Rawaba locality.
1000 Feddans reserve of Hasahab trees
planted as a green belt in Um Galji
Locality.
• Opened 1,000 km of fire lines
in El Obied rural area, as part of natural
resources management.
• Established veterinary service
pharmacies in Skeikan and Bara.
• Constructed 7 veterinary pharmacies
in Lul in Fashoda locality and Adong
in Bailiet locality in the Upper Nile
States, one health clinic in Shershar
in Bara locality, El-Semeih Agricultural
School, Um-Habila water provision unit;
one high school in secondary school
at Um Seimema; one primary school art
Warshal village,
• Helped the LOMERICA women’s
group to open a restaurant in Malakal.
• Helped the UNIRDO women’s
group to open a milk centre in Malakal.
• Rehabilitated a degraded rangeland
adjacent to a demarcated route in El
Hamadi area.
• Provided veterinary services
at wet grazing areas east of El Deleng.
• Demarcated and mapped 450 Km
long stock routes with 500 concrete
posts. At each stock route, a local
patrolling team was established comprising
representatives of pastoralists, farmers,
native administration, and the old system
of pastoralists ‘Mandoub’
was also revived.
• Formulated 30 Community Resource
Management Bodies (RMBs) (22 in Upper
Nile and 8 in Kordofan State) and 2
RMBs at the state level where the project
is operating
• Conducted research and studies
(13 in total) in different fields related
to conflict, and pastoralists and farmers
rights. This research was shared with
the organizations concerned with the
Darfur Crisis and land issues in Sudan,
and is currently being published as
a series of research work on the root
causes of conflict in Sudan.
• Organized 18 joint workshops/forums/training
sessions for pastoralists and farmers
on natural resources management and
conflict resolution, legal awareness
about land tenure and conflict, and
general discussions on common challenges.
• Established an official partnership
with the Sudanese Environment Conservation
Society, Institute for Legal Training
and Reform and Mandy (a Nuba NGO).
• In 2005, the project became
a member of relevant globally and regionally
established networks including Global
Pastoral Network.
• To strengthen the capacity of
pastoralists to understand and argue
in favour of tenure rights, the project
also organized a tour to Kenya to witness
a functioning conflict management system
in operation.
• In an effort aimed at building
partnerships between pastoralists and
farmers, and between pastoralists and
local government around issues of joint
concern, joint field trips and awareness
sessions were organized and local Pastoralists'
and Farmers' Unions were established.
• Through several conferences
and forums, the project revived the
debate on land tenure putting land reform
on the public agenda.
• Broadcasted over 100 messages
related to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement
(CPA), pastoralism issues and land tenure,
through state-sponsored radio in North
Kordofan and Upper Nile.
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